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A daily reminder that Germany as a modern nation-state would not have existed without the Protestant Reformation.
>Luther translated the Bible into German from the original manuscripts in Hebrew (Old Testament), Greek (New Testament), and not Latin as were the pre-Lutheran German Bibles, into a form of German used by some Saxon administrations of the time which, thanks to the development of the printing press by Gutenberg, spread throughout the Holy Roman Empire and the Saxon dialect gradually became the standard German language (Standardhochdeutsch/Hochdeutsch), to the detriment of the numerous regional dialects
>in 1817, German students, disillusioned with the Congress of Vienna, gathered at Wartburg Castle, where Luther had translated the Bible 300 years earlier, to demand liberal reforms and the unification of Germany into a single nation in what would become known as the Wartburg Festival, the birth of German Nationalism
>the Catholic Austrian Empire, whose crown controlled the German Confederation, was the main opponent of unification. German to maintain its influence over the Catholic Germanic states of the South and multicultural union with the Slavic Hungarian Empire
>German Unification was carried out by Protestant Prussia, which defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, excluded it from German Unification (Kleindeutschland) and attacked the Catholic Church (Kulturkampf)
>Otto von Bismarck initiated mass deportations of Poles (known as Rugi pruskie or Prussian Deportations) between 1885-1890, forcing the departure of more than 30,000 Poles who did not have Prussian citizenship
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>The Prussian government created a Colonization Commission (1886) to buy land from Poles and transfer it to German settlers, in an attempt to change the demographics of the region
>Prussia viewed eastward expansion (Drang nach Osten) as a The civilizing mission itself emerged when the Teutonic Order committed colonization/genocide against Prussian Baltic pagans in the Northern Crusades
Thank you, Luther.
https://files.catbox.moe/qfgx64.mp4
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>>18327747
She needs to be bred by black men. It's not negotiable. I REPEAT THIS IS NOT NEGOTIABLE.
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>>18327747
>excluded it from German Unification (Kleindeutschland)
The Prussians did this because the Austrians wanted to include non-Germanic territories in Germany to the detriment of German territories.
>By the 1860s Prussia and Austria had become the two most powerful states dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire—like the Holy Roman Empire—was a multi-ethnic state, but the German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; its re-shaping into the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities—especially the Hungarians
>Under Prussian leadership, Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coattails of nationalism to unite all of the northern German lands. After Bismarck excluded Austria and the German Austrians from Germany in the German war of 1866 and (following a few other events over the next few years), the unification of Germany, established the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871 with the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects (Poles, Danes, Sorbs, etc.) who desired self-determination from German rule
>After World War I the Pan-Germanist philosophy changed drastically during Adolf Hitler's rise to power. Pan-Germanists originally sought to unify all the German-speaking populations of Europe in a single nation-state known as Großdeutschland (Greater Germany), where "German-speaking" was sometimes taken as synonymous with Germanic-speaking, to the inclusion of the Frisian- and Dutch-speaking populations of the Low Countries, and Scandinavia
>Although Bismarck had excluded Austria and the German Austrians from his creation of the Kleindeutschland state in 1871, integrating the German Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of both Austria and Germany
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>>18328434
The Austria and Italy can also claim their statehood back to the HRE, since the Habsburgs became their kings from the 15th century onwards (Charles I of Spain was the king of the HRE during Luther's time), the Italian Unification began in Northern Italy, which was part of the HRE and also fought against the Austrians to become a independent nation-state like Prussians in Germany. Apart from the Czech Republic (Bohemia), Switzerland, Dutch, Belgium, etc...
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>>18328458
Odoacer/Ostrogoths also focused on Northern Italy, they only ruled Southern Italy for 60 years. From the mid-6th century, the south became Byzantine for almost 500 years. Southern Italy was only conquered by the Normans in 1072 AD. Just the Lombards ruled the South longer than they did.
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>>18327752
Prussia's worst nightmare.
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>>18327747
First you have to realize plenty of people had grievances with the church and some of its dogmas. Luther was not the first to critic the current state of the Church.
What Luther had though was the press and friends in high places. Luther corresponded with the big minds of Europe. Erasmus in particular, while sharing a lot of his critiques on the state of the church, warned Luther that his antagonizing of the catholic church would lead to a break of german state with the church, something which Erasmus always feared. The fact that Erasmus even implied in his writings that the work of Luther could have such an effect, shows that it would be fairly naive to propose that Luther was completely flabbergasted by his impact. Luther was the harshest critique yet, and even people like Jan Hus, an important precursor, created a civil war with their writings.
Luther was more or less just an academic that like many of his time and before that talked shit about the church. What the church did not expect was the fact that the recent advent of the press copied and published his thesis on the church to a much, much wider audience. There's some anecdote about Luther going to his home after a day in the university and finding his work in his doorsteps and becoming completely baffled because he didn't even knew they were copying and passing his word around.
Eventually the Church had to act against Luther, but Luther had a protector in Frederick III, Elector of Saxony and the patron of Luther's University who delayed Luther's judgement and eventually kidnapped him later when it became clear Luther was going to go to prison/executed. During the time he was kidnapped Luther continued to write shit about the Church and the religion like the German version of the Bible and eventually managed to convince a bunch of other german princes to fight against the Church.
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