Is there even the slightest chance that at some point in history a white woman got knotted by a dire wolf

>>16893511
Given when and where they lived the answer is definitely no.

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if i have a scientific theory that i want to publish can i do it while being just a normal guy?
where to publish for people to care
how to check if something like my idea has already been published
how to format the thing i want to publish- any guides on that
etc.

>>16893860
You can. Anyone can submit to arxiv though you would have to follow the strict latex guidelines - https://info.arxiv.org/help/submit_tex.html - downloading existing papers or templates would be a good starting point.

For checking already published articles try using Google Scholar.

>>16893204
What are some other people like:
>Cumrun Vafa
https://www.physics.harvard.edu/people/facpages/vafa
>Semën S. Kutateladze
https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Sem%C3%ABn+S.+Kutateladze
>Dingding Dong
https://math.uchicago.edu/~may/REU2017/REUPapers/Dong.pdf
>Arjum Nigam
https://math.uchicago.edu/~may/REU2022/REUPapers/Nigam.pdf

Quote from Wikipedia: "Under string theory, strings are bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both the three familiar dimensions of space as well as in extra dimensions."

Simple question: is this a symptom of schizophrenia?

>>16893204
Is there any point in doing problems you can't check the answers for?

what's the best approach to learning AI/ML/DL in 2026? Should I do freecodecamp, codeacademy or Deeplearning.ai specialisations?

>>16894074
No, but your question might be.

>>16894074
So, basically, harmonic oscillators with extra steps? It seems more like a lack of imagination than schizophrenia (imagination led astray)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.06856

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2/3 of the perimeter of the pentagon is visible. Is that too much? That's a rhetorical question.

>>16894278
Harmonic oscillations happen in something. String, gas or field. What the hell are "bundles of energy" and what's their vibration means? It's nonsense. If an equation looks like vibrations that doesn't mean you should postulate vibrations.

>>16894302
Things like the wiki quote are just dumbed down pop-sci answers, not detailed scientific explanations. If you want the latter go look elsewhere.

> Harmonic oscillations happen in something
In the theory "strings" are fundamental, in the same way you are taught in high school particles like electrons are thought to be. The energy strings have then comes from their modes of vibration just like any vibration you are familiar with has energy.

>>16894302
The point is, harmonic oscillations are a related physical phenomenon but harmonic oscillators are a formalism. Even if unispired, looking for new applications of the same old formalism may be naive but it is not schizophrenic. Your complaint seems to be about the word salad coming from taking said formalism at face value.
>>16894366
It seems that this is no different from the "luminiferous aether" word salad of 19th century electromagnetism

>>16894372
The aether wasn't a terrible idea, it was actually good science. Until then every type of wave scientists had encountered required a medium. When the newly discovered electromagnetism turned out to be a bunch of wave equations it wasn't a stupid assumption to believe there also had to be some unseen medium they moved in - the aether. It took breaking that mindset, and some experiments, to advance physics.

String theory has many problems, it could very well be wrong, but it's very different to how the concept of the aether arose.

>>16894409
>String theory has many problems, it could very well be wrong, but it's very different to how the concept of the aether arose.
The analogy with aether is not about string thery as whole, but about said dumbed down pop-sci talk of "bundles of energy vibrating", because something has to be vibrating, right? Just like every wave needs a medium. Even better, let's throw in a semantically overloaded word like "energy".

>>16894438
Actually vibration and energy are the most scientifically accurate and precise words in the whole description. Their use is no different to that of QM or QFT.

>>16894366
Thanks for the answer.
>just like any vibration you are familiar with has energy
The vibration I'm familiar with has constant or dissipating energy, energy is not the thing that vibrates, that's why it's frustrating. I'm bachelor in biomech.

Electrons... they feel kinda fundamental because they match fundamental math idea of a point. Even if electron somehow consists of other particles, they better to be points. There's nothing less than a point.

>>16894806
Unfortunately, even if points make the math simple and and easy, they can't physically be true. If electrons really were zero-volume points they would have infinite mass and charge densities. That's simply not possible.

What is the purpose of the Neutrino? It travels at the sped of light, but there are claims it has mass which cannot be true if it travels at c. Or, is the rest mass so small it can actually travel at c? Is it just excess energy and not actually a particle?

>>16895250
Our best understanding is that neutrinos have a very very tiny but nonzero mass, and that they "travel at c" simply because we have no detector sensitive enough to pick up on the difference.

>>16895250
The neutrino masses as so small that they 'effectively' travel at the speed of light (but NOT at c). The difference is so tiny that a neutrino coming from another galaxy millions of light-years away would only be delayed compared to a photon by a few seconds, if that.

>>16895263
>"travel at c"
>>16895323
>'effectively' travel at the speed of light
If time slows as velocity approaches c, from the nuetrino's perspective how does it have time to interact with anything since it essentially is emitted and travels across the universe instantly?

>>16893204
Why doesn't science acknowledge the biological reality of race when there are numerous genetic distinctions/adaptations that every race has?
How many more distinctions need to exist before they recognize that we are clearly not all the same?

>>16895851
>Why doesn't science acknowledge the biological reality of race
Race, and species, but politics has overridden science and deformed it to not hurt people's feelings. How do you tell the retarded race they are a subspecies?

>>16895843
Interactions are about position, not time. They aren't affected by time dilation. However scattering cross sections are dependant on energy and that dependency can be complicated, so in that regard the likelihood of a particular interaction does depend on kinetic energy (velocity).

>>16895851
> Why doesn't science acknowledge the biological reality of race
Because there is no scientific way to rigorously define some biological category and label it as race. It's a purely social construction.

can the fastest cameras that take a photos of light be used to gain additional info about the double slit experiment and quantum eraser version?

>>16895070
>infinite mass and charge densities
We could ignore this

>>16895920
No. It doesn't matter how fast your camera is, it's still a measurement and any measurement collapses the wavefunction and removes any uncertainty in the location of the particle.

>>16895895
The retarded race wouldn't exist if it didn't have some strength in it. Race reality doesn't entail superiority necesarrily, people should at least acknowledge different climate based strengths.

>>16895906
Except there are distinctions like:
>Muscle Structure
>Bone mineralization
>Skeletal Structure
>Skull shape
>Temperature regulation
>Temperature sensitivity
>Melanin content
>Pore size
>Fat distribution
>Cellular adaptations such as Europeans Mitochondria producing more Heat.
>Hair color, eye color, facial structure
>Nose shape/size differences following Thomson's Nose Rule
And the list goes on. So how are you going to say:
>there is no scientific way to rigorously define some biological category and label it as race.
When there are very clear distinctions between Europeans, Asians, Blacks, and every group in between?

Around how many different axis is it possible for an object to spin simultaneously?

>>16896153
Of course there are differences but then how do you use them to define a 'race' without using some ad-hoc or subjective rules?

>>16896153
You listed about 10 physical characteristics which were correlated with geographic location. Now pick any other arbitrary list of 10 characteristics and define races using those characteristics. This new racial classification will look nothing like your original classification.

What is an effective way to find a recipe/synthesis for LSD?

>>16896159
3. And there cool way to name them: rotation, precession and nutation.

>>16896185
Ask FBI

I once read about a book online that teaches how math should be done. It wasn't about something specific like calculus.
I think it lets the student find its own formulas to solve the problem and the solutions were open.
Does anyone know the name of the book?
Thanks

>>16896166
You don't use any kind of subjective rule, it's simply acknowledging that people who have lived in a particular climate for hundreds if not thousands of generations are generally better suited for that climate, thus making them a distinct race, with a distinct subset of traits.
More obviously, look are somebody with Blonde Hair and Blue eyes, you would clearly acknowledge that they descend from Nordics, provided they're not mixed.

>>16896170
Why would I pick arbitrary characteristics? These traits are generally persistent in racial groups, and they are so numerous it isn't even a matter of debate.
Clearly somebody with less melanin isn't going to do well in a hot climate, how is this not obvious? There is no obfuscating the fact that we are genetically acclimatized for certain climates, and if your argument is that "Mixed People Exist," you'd have to acknowledge that they aren't acclimatized to any one particular argument, because they have disparate genetic adaptations.

>>16896205
he said "simultaneously"
>>16896159
In three dimensions: One. Rotating around multiple axes at once is going to be equivalent to rotating around another individual axis. See Euler's rotation theorem.

what is the largest particle/atom that can be used in the double slit experiment, and how does particle size affect wave-particle properties, and if a particle is large enough can it me monitored with a photon without altering the outcome?

>>16896364
There is no limit and the particle size doesn't affect the wave-particle properties. However it does affect the angle of diffraction. The interference pattern depends on the distance between the slits and the detector, the width of the slits, and the de Broglie wavelength of the particle, molecule, buckyballs, whatever. The tl;dr is that it's easier to perform the experiment and see the interference with small, single particles.

I keep thinking about creep. How it never stops. But surely it must stop eventually, right? Gravity is a constant load but atoms will run out of places to move. Assuming proton decay isn't a thing, won't the earth eventually become a sub-atomically perfect sphere of iron? Then it won't creep anymore from gravity. My question then is what happens then when you place a cube of lead onto this perfect iron sphere. It's softer than the iron so gravity means it will slowly collapse until the cube has become a 1 atom thick layer coating on the sphere, right? But will the atoms distribute in a perfectly uniform distance from eachother or will it be like a splotch on one part of the sphere which introduces new forces onto the once perfect sphere making the entire thing shift around slowly until it evens out again... idk, this is a stupid thing to post. Just musing.

>>16896403
It the inter-atomic bonds are stronger than any other forces acting on them then no, there will never be any creep no matter how long you wait. That is almost the definition of what a solid is. You also have to realise that electromagnetism is *way* stronger than gravity. It's why a small magnet can lift objects despite the gravitational force of the entire planet.

Is there a rate limit at which particle interactions can occurr - two particles are moving past each other too fast, even if very close, to have any interaction (as depicted on a feyman diagram). What the speed/rate of the gluon interactions, or does that question make any sense? I think 'science communicators' have filled the space with inaccurate gibberish and everywhere I look I see incorrect info.

>>16896339
>These traits are generally persistent in racial groups
"These traits are generaly persistent in groups which I've defined using these traits"
Okay, and others can define groups based on other traits, so it's obviously a social construct.
>somebody with less melanin isn't going to do well in a hot climate, how is this not obvious?
How is it relevant? Another trait you mentioned is eye and hair color, which are obviously not important to survival in humans.

Do we have any scientific evidence of gods or souls existing?

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>>16894297
sin(π/5) of the pentagon's perimeter is visible.
Is that enough?
An AI assistant wrote, that it's the minimum.

>>16896515
None. And no scientific mechanism they could or should exist.

>>16896420
Why does creep cause objects to permanently deformed at under half their yield strength and melting temperatures tho

>>16896630
It depends on the specific material you are talking about and it's purity. There are lots of mechanisms for "creep", it's not a simple process. For example if something is full of grains and dislocations those inter-region bonds are weaker and can break under stress from say temperature changes, especially in materials with lower melting points (i.e lead) - thermodynamics after all does state that statistically speaking there will randomly be a few particles with enough kinetic energy to affect weaker bonds.

>>16893204
String theory is literally just math with extra flair. Could I get into string theory research with ease as a pure mathematician?

>>16896642
It's an extremely mathematical field so if that's your strength it will absolutely help in topics like AdS/CFT correspondence, but in the end you still need to a good grasp of the physics you're trying to create a theory for. However, getting into ST right now might not be a smart idea. Depending on who you ask, ST is either a dying field of research - there's still plenty of people working on it but not as many as there once was - or one that needs to move in new directions since the work of the last several decades hasn't led to anything testable or a eureka moment that says "yup, this theory is correct and how the universe works." For example AdS and supersymmetry and extra dimensions are the only way the math of ST works, unfortunately all we have ever seen in our 3D universe is dS and no supersymmetry.

>>16896153
>very clear distinctions between Europeans, Asians, Blacks
>and every group in between
Then those "groups in between" are the biological reality, while race is not.

>>16896721
Those groups in between are the product of historical examples of mixing in the past between the preestablished racially homogenized group, which once faced with their own selection pressures form their own unique subset of people who are acclimatized to their particular environment.

>>16896511
>Okay, and others can define groups based on other traits, so it's obviously a social construct.
Your argument is absurd, we could use this same line of reasoning to deconstruct everything:
>"A bird has wings and eyes, which you've arbitrarily selected to make your argument, therefor it's impossible for birds or dogs to be different from one another, Animals are all a social construct.
>How is it relevant?
Because we are defining the traits of a particular thing. A dog does not have wings, because it is a dog, not a bird. A White person has less melanin, because a White person is not a Black person (among other signifiers).
>not important to survival in humans.
Well if civilization is important to humans, then clearly the homogenization of external features would hold weight for their survival. Society does not function as well from disparate values, the more people have in common, especially on a surface level, the stronger their sense of identity will be. Conversely a society where nobody looks like one another is going to be less trusting, and have a less stable sense of its own identity, hence every historical and modern example to date.

>>16896806
> the homogenization of external features would hold weight for their survival.
I think that statement needs something called proof.

Double pendulum system requires 4 variables (2 angles and 2 angular momentum).
Are there any chaotic systems with less variables/less dimensional phase space?

>>16896830
Double pendulum or 3-Bodies are almost always the examples given. The simplest mathematical system I can think of that is chaotic would be the logistic map. I'm not sure there is a physical equivalent.

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I'm terrible with coordinates. How far away are the two little red X's from each other? I guesstimate something like ~4,500 miles but want to know if I'm correct.

>>16896825
Infants begin to show preferential treatment for same-race faces over other-race faces by approximately 3 months of age
>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7349221/
It's no secret, if you study history Multi-Ethnic and Multi-cultural societies are not typically healthy or functional, not as long lasting as ethnically homogenized cultures. The examples are so numerous: Rome, Greece, Babylon, etc.
People trust somebody who looks like them more then somebody who doesn't share their physical features, there are a lot of studies on this, most try to falsely attribute it to socio economics and exposure to other faces, but the fact that this pattern even exists in the first place suggests a preference for ones own racial group. I'll try to find some more later when I got time, busy rn.
>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01248-8

The the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4... increases linearly, how do you describe the sequence 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4... ? Does it decrease inversely linearly? Logarithmically? What is the correct word to describe the decreasing property of the sequence?

Got a simple question about genetics and relatedness
If you take a mouse from a litter lets call L1 and backbreed it to its own dam to create a 2nd litter we'll call L2, then how closely related is one of the other L1 littermates to this new L2 litter?
The sire from L1 would be 75% related to L2 so I thought maybe 62.5% as a halfway point?

>>16896901
I would call it harmonic decay but there is probably some better term for this.

Question on ftm:
I know its not healthy, but what are changes on the body, on personality and overall life expectancy if a female decides to troon?

>>16896950
Hormonal imbalance quite literally affects every part of your body, your mood regulation, your organs, even your cellular health, cognition, literally everything is thrown out of wack when you introduce hormones that set you out of natural sex based balance.
It's different for men who take testosterone because their bodies are already conditioned for testosterone, though I'd argue steroids aren't healthy just because they're unnatural and it's a lot harder to keep your body in balance.
It will fuck you up for life.

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>>16896901
It's decreasing hyperbolically.
Don't you know anything?

>>16896806
Clearly, nothing in what I said implies that dogs are birds. In taxonomy, what is not a construct is the existence of animals and their ancestries. The classification into different species is done to reflect facts about animal ancestries. These facts constrain the classifications into species but cannot uniquely determine them so there are still lots of free choices involved in defining species. In that sense, it is a construct but unlike 'race' it is done by zoologists, etc. rather than laypeople who are afraid of other skin colors. All of this, except perhaps the last sentence, should be obvious.
>Society does not function as well from disparate values [...]
All of this pseudoscientific pop-sociology is really irrelevant to the fact that having certain eye and hair colors is unimportant for the survival of humans in certain climates.

I've been going through Gensler's Intro to Logic and everything has been fine, no real difficulties. Now I'm on chapter 9 in the section on identity proofs and it feels like the first time in the book where he just doesn't explain anything nearly enough, provides barely any examples before giving problem sets, and to make matters worse, I believe there's an incorrect answer given in the solutions manual (only the second one I've found so far) but I can't confirm this and I haven't seen any info elsewhere online about errata in the manual. I had no problem with the LogiCola problems assigned for this set either, which seemed more complex but at least I felt prepared for them. Am I suddenly retarded or has he shit the bed in this section? Can anyone suggest another book I could look at to get a better explanation of this topic (identity proofs)?

An even function is a function f(x) = f(-x)
An odd function is a function g(x) = -g(-x)
But why are they called even and odd? I keep forgetting which is which.

>>16897253
Assuming the function is always raising or falling, for every element of codomain(result value), even function has even number of possible inputs and odd functions have odd number of possible inputs. Or in other words, if you draw a horizontal line on the function graph, even function will intersect if even number of times, vice versa.

>>16897260
For periodic functions this assumes a function plot of an integer number of periods, right?

>>16897265
No. I just made up that definition of the fly and it does not hold under any scrutiny.
Don't think too hard on this, it's just the rough idea.
Another thing you can do to memorize them is to consider f(x)=x^n. For even powers you are going to get even functions and for odd powers you get odd functions.

>>16897253
Even functions have only even terms in their power series expansion, and likewise for odd ones. At least, for infinitely-differentiable ones, with the terms being generalised to their current definition
At least, that's what I was taught

>>16897271
*even exponents for terms in their power series expansion, obv

What would be a fast and easily digested explanation or at least motivation (non-Grothendieck like) for motifs in algebraic geometry, more precisely for varieties concering quadratic forms over fields?
This subject really seems more like hieroglyphs to me the more I get into it and I am in such a deep shit that my thesis has become this topic, lol.
People, please do not go into algebra if you are not completely living this with every fiber of your being...

>>16897271
>>16897272
Thanks

>>16897173
>Clearly, nothing in what I said implies that dogs are birds.
Right, so clearly you didn't understand the rationality behind what I was saying.
>laypeople who are afraid of other skin colors.
Who said anything about fear?
The fact is, there are clear biological distinctions between different races of people, beyond simple skin tone even, distinctions of which you ignore in order to make your claims more tenable. There are very clearly Europeans, Africans, Asians, Easterners, etc, regardless of the semantics of the issue, there are clear distinctions, these distinctions don't disappear just because you don't want to acknowledge them.
We apply distinction to all things, that is the purpose of zoology, I'm simply stating that we can easily extend those definitions into different classifications, who despite sharing basic similarities, possess numerous climate based adaptations. Ignoring this fact shows that you're the one who is afraid, perhaps of reality.
>unimportant for the survival of humans in certain climates.
If a society is relevant to the survival of humans, then yes, being surrounded by people that look like you is important for society, and by extension survival.
Show me an example of a successful multi-cultural society, I'll wait.

Can someone please make an idiot's guide to: slit plane, branches, branch point, branch cut, principal branch. I've just started my complex analytics course and these aforementioned things are all Chinese to me after finishing the first chapter

>>16897354
>so clearly you didn't understand the rationality behind what I was saying.
No, I just dismantled the caricature you put up.
>Who said anything about fear?
You said people are afraid to trust those who don't look like them, right?
>these distinctions don't disappear
Haven't we already gone through this already? The distinctions you draw depend on the traits you choose for making those distinctions. You choose to make distinctions based around skin color, others are free to choose different traits.
> possess numerous climate based adaptations
So far, the only trait that you mentioned which is clearly adapted to the 'climate' is skin color, and you've repeatedly failed to explain how eye and hair color are adaptations to the climate rather than just byproducts of different melanin levels.
>Show me an example of a successful multi-cultural society, I'll wait.
Most societies which have existed are 'multicultural' unless they were isolated from the rest of the world. Also, evolutionarily speaking, natural selection can't work if there's no variation and sexual reproduction guarantees that there will always be significant variations, so your idea that societies can be homogeneous is just a fantasy.

>>16897377
>slit plane
a restricted domain where the inverse function
is defined and contains branch points and cuts

>branch
a choice of plane to select the value of the function
[think: [math] \sqrt{x} [/math] has 2 answers, one per branch]

>branch point
a point where the function is undefined and is
attached to the branch cut

>branch cut (aka slit)
a line on the plane where all branches are
separated from (crossing it leads to next
branch up/down); function assumes a single
value ONLY when evaluated on branch cut
pertaining to a particular branch

>principal branch
the "default" branch to get values of a function
(or, where k=0 on a multivalued function)
[think: principal branch of [math] \sqrt{x} [/math] is usually the positive]

Let [math]a,b \in \mathbb{N}_{>0}[/math] and let [math]X,Y[/math] be two independent integer valued random variables.
[math]X[/math] takes an uniformly random value from [math]\{1,2,..,a\}[/math] and [math]Y[/math] takes an uniformly random value from [math]\{1,2,..,b\}[/math].
What is [math]P(X \geq Y)[/math]?

>>16896350
Imagine you have straw, and the straw is spinning like a helicopter blade. Then, it you're also turning it simultaneously around the axis that goes though the straw. How is that rotating around just one axis?

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I just found a question on the internet which was asking which triangle has the maximum surface area for constant perimeter.

Of course the obvious answer is an equilateral triangle (proof by being obvious) but it made me wonder the following. What if you used the Heron's formula, and then you made a four-dimensional graph (since it has three variables instead of one, the graph is 4D) and then you found the maximum just like you would find a maximum by using derivatives for a normal 2D graph. Could you solve the problem in this way (it's probably not the easiest way but that's besides the point) and how would it work?

Or to simplify my question: is working with derivatives possible in higher dimensional graphs or multivariable graphs like that in the same sort of way as you would normally work with them?

should I put acetone in my lighter to get a better/bigger/cooler looking flame or is this stupid?

>>16896938
I thought on this a little more, but if the L1s share 50% with their dam and 50% with their brother then would the L1 littermates be 50% related to the L2 litter? 25% from their shared dam as they're half sibs, then 25% for the niece/nephew, which implies they're only the equivalent of littermates while I thought the increased homozygosity from the inbreeding would somehow bump up the relatedness to maybe 62.5%.

I don't know how to properly calculate this.

>>16897426
>No, I just dismantled the caricature you put up.
You played a semantic game to reject terms and definitions, reconstructing reality, and then claiming victory despite never confronting the essence of what the conversation is about.
>You said people are afraid to trust those who don't look like them
I said people generally trust those who look like them more then those who don't, that doesn't necessitate the notion of fear, but a greater degree of trust then would otherwise be had.
>others are free to choose different traits.
So then I can choose to acknowledge bones and tendons are all that is necessary to create a bird, and thus dogs become birds simply because I dismiss all the other traits that differentiate them? The issue is not a matter of subjective classification, there are clear genetic distinctions between races, just as there are different kinds of dogs, and different kinds of birds, so would you say that separating a Blue Jay from a Cardinal is a subjective classification, or do you acknowledge that there are objective differences between the two?
>So far, the only trait that you mentioned which is clearly adapted to the 'climate' is skin color,
See >>16896153, Thomson's Nose Rule, Cellular adaptations, diet adaptions (Differences in Oral and Gut Microbiome), I have listed many differences already, and I can continue to list even more if it would satisfy you. There are numerous climate based adaptations.
Melanin content is a climate adaptation, hair and eye color are reflective of melanin content, thus they are one of the ways to signify the environment for which a person is adapted to genetically. Outside populations who have blonde hair is typically due to race mixing in the past.

>>16897426
>>16897783
>Most societies which have existed are 'multicultural'
Demonstrably false, we would not have the genetic variation we have if not for thousands of years of isolation and homogeneity, distinct traits would not have emerged. Also, Genetic Diversity already exists in every environment, too much genetic diversity results in a population who is not acclimatized to their environment, hence Outbreeding Depression.
You don't know what genetic diversity means.
Humans have existed homogeneously throughout all of human history, but you will try and dismiss this reality by deconstructing it
>Well what is race? Is race even real? I don't see race. None of those distinctions matter. Sure we can clearly see what region a non-mixed individual comes from from the traits they possess, but that doesn't mean anything, it's arbitrary, and you're delusional if you think otherwise.
>natural selection can't work if there's no variation and sexual reproduction
Selection pressure means that some traits are favored for their environments more than others, variation already exists even in a small population, as following the 50/500 rule you only need 500 people to avoid genetic recession, so clearly a large degree of genetic mixing from populations on entirely different corners of the world isn't necesarry, nor does it result in bettr health outcomes.
You may then try to cite hybrid vigor, a contradiction in itself as how could hybrid have greater vigor if we are all the same in the first place? Yet Hybrid Vigor only applies to immunological advantages to F1 hybrids (First Generation) which quickly dissipates in all subsequent generations.
Most studies on race are prefaced by saying they lack most the data they need, because the research is being gatekept. So I ask again, if all these traits and distinctions occur, why does science refuse to ask this question, why does it refuse to do the research?
You're illiterate, and it shows.

>>16897679
It's not one of your standard axes, but it is a single axis nonetheless.
The actual mathematics get kind of ugly here, and, more importantly, writing matrices in LaTeX is a pain in the ass and I don't want to do it.
So to provide an example based on yours, let's say I rotate the straw about the Z-axis by 90 degrees and then about the X-axis by 90 degrees. I'm picking those numbers and making them completely discrete because it makes the calculations work out much easier. You can imagine the same principles applied to smaller and smaller movements until you're looking at something virtually continuous, should you feel so inclined.
Using the relevant yaw and roll matrices (not typing them up here because, again, matrices in LaTeX are a pain), we take their product and calculate its λ=1 eigenvector to find it is [math]1,-1,1[/math]; that would be the axis of such a combined rotation.

>>16897725
Look up lagrange multipliers. This is a problem you can learn to do in hs.

>>16897757
acetone dissolves many plastics and rubbers. If you try it, tell us how it went, id be curious

>>16897647
draw a graph and literally count them

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>>16897725
Well, we obviously can't picture graphs in higher
dimensions in a convenient way (unless we use
colors or something), but yes indeed we can take
multivariable derivatives of the function and classify
certain points to highlight features of that function
(max, min, saddle point, etc...). Pic related is a 3D
sphere with colors representing temperature as the
fourth dimension as an example.

Video I found that does an example problem without graphs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1pjNmjldwM

So, you can take Heron's formula and apply it to
part of the surface residing in the first octant (+,+,+).
The constraint of constant perimeter are all possible
triangles as points forming the surface. The colors
forming a heatmap on the surface getting red at the
point of max surface area. Hopefully, you'll see that
it should match your answer.

>>16897783
>and thus dogs become birds
See >>16897173. Your inability to understand simple facts about how classifications are made is striking.
>Thomson's Nose Rule
No evidence of being an environmental adaptation.
>Cellular adaptations, diet adaptions
Too vague to respond to.
>hair and eye color are reflective of melanin content
So, as I mentioned already, they are not adaptations but accidental byproducts to the actual adaptation which is melanin. You can have mutations for producing light skin with brown eyes and not face any environmental selection pressure.
>I can continue to list even more if it would satisfy you.
What would satisfy me is if you learnt some critical thinking and stopped making fallacious generalizations which are unsupported by any data.
>Demonstrably false
>too much genetic diversity results
>a large degree of genetic mixing
Of course you fail to demonstrate that in any sense because there is no way you can quantify what amount of genetic variation is healthy and what amount isn't. This means your entire worldview is built on vibes-based reasoning, just like the concept of 'race'.
>why does it refuse to do the research?
The research has already demonstrated that the concept of race is pseudoscientific for all the reasons discussed already. This is my last response to you.

>>16897874
>Your inability to understand simple facts about how classifications are made is striking.
You're basically just saying that classification only exists if it complies with your arbitrary guidelines of how things can be classified, all other forms of classification are non-existent to you simply because you refuse to acknowledge it. Object reality holds no weight against you.
>No evidence of being an environmental adaptation.
Okay, so there is no reason whatsoever that people in northern climates have thinner noses, and people in warmer climates have wider noses. Cool story bro.
>Too vague to respond to.
Since you can't fucking read: Europeans and other northern races have a cellular adaptations that allows their Mitochondria to produce more Heat as opposed to energy, allowing them to handle colder climates easier.
>accidental byproducts
You're a fucking moron, they obviously faces selection pressure for lower melanin content because they were living in a climate that favored lighter complexions for sunlight absorption, jesus fucking christ dude. The fact that this variation exists whatsoever is enough to create some kind of classification, so you're just blatantly wrong about your claims.
>can quantify what amount of genetic variation is healthy and what amount isn't
There is actually
>can quantify what amount of genetic variation is healthy and what amount isn't
>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18258915/
There is, 4th and 5th cousins have the best fertility outcomes, and allows them to retain their optimal stronger adaptations. Iceland faced a lot of selection pressure. Once again, you're projecting onto me that my reasoning is emotional when you have absolutely zero reason to believe as you do, and instead of confronting your cognitive dissonance, you're just redefining things to avoid reality.
>This is my last response to you.
Good, you're illiterate and I hope somebody more intelligent will reply.

>>16896806
>A dog does not have wings, because it is a dog, not a bird. A White person has less melanin, because a White person is not a Black person (among other signifiers).
If you try to reproduce a dog with a bird you'll fail. If you reproduce a white and a black person you'll get fertile offspring. Humans are a single race/species but many different breeds, like dogs and cats are

>>16897795
My lighter is made of metal and has no plastic or rubber parts

>>16897995
You can reproduce different breeds of Dog together, that doesn't make it right. Even amongst dogs they have numerous traits that make them better suited for different tasks, though after 100 years of selective breeding, we have created modern mutts who: Have more organ and heart related problems, have issues with hip dysplasia, nasal cavity deformity, lower intelligence, lower life spans, etc.
Your argument is a platitude without sufficient justification.
>If you reproduce a white and a black person you'll get fertile offspring.
Less fertile then monoracial couples, there is plenty of literature supporting this.

>>16898185
> You can reproduce different breeds of Dog together, that doesn't make it right.
Hahahahahahahaha. Wtf am I reading. Have /pol/tars become so brainwashed they have now moved onto canine purity?

>>16898204
you can breed a chihuahua with a great dane.
should you?

>>16897995
>are a single race/species
A race is not the same as a species it's at most a subspecies.
and mixed race couples do have lower fertility rates

>>16898204
Have you never owned a mutt? They have so many health problems dude, everyone in my family who has owned a mutt, 90% of them die early, or have some massive heart failure.
I understand it's easier for you to belittle the conversation, but seriously consider the reality of the discussion. Your cognitive dissoance should not own you, you should be able to engage in an informative discussion.
At the least, people of your mentality not being able to handle a genuine conversation without typing shit like
>Hahahahahahahaha.
Just kind of shows why more and more people are becoming racialists, because at least the racialists can articulate their points, you just say
>Oh, you don't agree with the scientific consensus? I don't even need to debate you, lmao

>>16898223
Racialist? Is that a subspecies of racists which is more mentally retarded than the usual racist?

>>16898441
People who believe that Race Exists, y'know, people who trust the evidence of their eyes and don't just believe what the TV tells them?
But no, you're right, White people should just abandon their countries, abandon their cultures, abandon the ancestors whom they owe their life towards, and accept infinity migrants into their country, because we're all the same, right? We're all no different then the 70IQ Somalians, or the Australian Aborigines?
Hey Anon, you know you're not supposed to sniff Petrol right, you're supposed to put it in your car!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1yeBmSFkC4&list=RDs1yeBmSFkC4&start_radio=1

>>16898450
The rest of us are trying to argue the lack of scientific basis for a definition of 'race'. You are talking about culture and immigrants. You are trying to use science to justify your racist bias and it couldn't be more obvious.

>>16898453
There is already an entire thread up that is focused on debunking the scientific consensus behind Race. Not to mention I've cited plenty of examples that my opponent has not even mentioned once in reply, despite providing no research or studies in return.
I'm the only one in this conversation who has cited studies.
>>16881343

>>16898456
> mixed-race people are rated as more beautiful
> https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15895630/
We can all cherry pick studies and simplify / misconstrue their conclusions (causation is not correlation).

>>16898462
Pertaining to the point I was trying to make, it was valid. How about you cite some studies, wise guy?

>>16898462
>>16898467
Studies pertaining to the notion that we are all one race, show them. Show me evidence that contradicts the truth of observable reality.

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I look into hard sci-fi concepts from time to time and one idea I see for a heat radiator in space is the curie point one. It's really interesting to me but I always find myself thinking won't the iron dust just fly away before it can remagnetize? If the craft is moving at speed or just by the nature of spewing it out that it will lose amounts every time?

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If dividing the power (any power) of an even number by the product of two odd numbers gives us an integer number, how can we prove that the even number to the power of 1 is (or isn't) greater than the product of those two prime numbers?

>>16899318
> those two prime numbers?
What prime numbers? That's the first time you mentioned any.

>>16899329
sorry, I meant odd. I was thinking about prime numbers and got confused, they are just odd not necessarily prime (y and z)

>>16899318
>>16899408
What are you even trying to prove? All you seem to be asking is if 2x > yz? What's wrong with just a comparison test?

>>16899318
>if (given this), how can we prove (that)
Set n to be equal to 1? Cause then it's given

>>16899318
I'm a bit confused by the wording, do you mean that yz divides (2x)^n for all n or that there exists an n such that yz divides (2x)^n?

If it's the former, 2x>yz because yz must divide x in the special case n=1; if it's the latter nothing can be said, previous special case is still in play but so is, say, x=15 y=3^100 z=5^100.

What's a good way to discover obscure crank theories? Besides Rational Wiki, of course.

>>16899811
I dunno, but lurk on 4chan long enough and you'll see plenty of schizo threads.

>>16899412
>All you seem to be asking is if 2x > yz
Yeah. Is this true for every n if the result is always an integer number?
>>16899561
Yes, the former. Could you expand on this? the case n=1 is to be found, it is not an initial condition.

>>16899811
https://github.com/veorq/crackpots
https://jamesrmeyer.com/blogs/blog-cranks-and-crackpots

>>16899910
> Is this true for every n if the result is always an integer number?
No. A counter example would be [math]x=3, y=9, z=9, N=4[/math]. Then [math](9.9) | (2.3)^4 = 16[/math] but [math]6 < 81[/math]

What you are essentially asking is if [math]yz|(2x)^N[/math] does [math]yz|2x[/math]? In general this is not true unless you impose more restrictions like gcd(y,z)=1

Is there a formal taxonomy of "cognitive operations" or "epistemic actions" for conceptual understanding?

I have been analyzing high-quality explanations in physics and mathematics (specifically the work of Grant Sanderson/3Blue1Brown) trying to "reverse-engineer" what happens in the learner's mind.

I noticed that successful understanding of complex topics often requires the learner to actively execute very specific "mental maneuvers". I am NOT looking for instructional strategies (like PBL or Spaced Repetition), but rather the atomic learning operations which any person could learn anything.

Is there a specific field of study, author, or framework that attempts to catalog or taxomomize these specific "operations of understanding"?

>>16900269
Read George Lakoff and Rafael E. Núñez, although it may not be what you want

>>16900234
>unless youimpose more restrictions like gcd(y,z)=1
so if y and z are coprime 2x would always be bigger?

>>16900386
Nope, I think it's still too general, there are still exceptions. If you also enforce the condition that y and z have no repeated prime factors then I believe it will always be true.

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>>16900269

Is there any way to measure if fusion is occurring in the Earth's core? Considering the temperature, pressure, and size of the core, and quantum tunneling, is it probable that some slow rate of fusion is occuring slowing the rate at which the core cools?

>>16901039
Fusion produces neutrinos so in theory they could pass through the planet and into our existing detectors. However they are incredibly hard to observe, detection rates even from the sun are so low, tens in a single day, that any from the Earth would be lost in the background noise.

> Considering the temperature, pressure, and size of the core
While "high" they just aren't high enough for fusion to occur. For one it needs millions of degrees in temperature, not the thousands at the core.

>>16893204
Did the /sci/ wiki page for mechanical engineering ever have a ballistics textbook?

Can someone tell me if there's any real reason we aren't all just using sink dish soap to wash clothes, or using clothing liquid soaps to wash dishes in the sink (not the dishwasher). Both make suds. Both clean off grimey shit. You can find both that are neutral scented. There are peopl who talk about little hacks of using one as a substitute when you're in a pinch, but I can't see any real reason why not just use them all the time. I don't know why Dawn and Tide aren't interchangeable

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Could a platonic solid be defined with one concise sentence: a solid whose faces are regular polygons identical in shape and size.

In wikipedia for example the definition seems to have more conditions, so is there something wrong with my concise version? Or can there even be solids that meet my definition but are not platonic solids?

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>>16902575

>>16902823
Oh why didn't I think of this. If you add a condition that it must be convex as well, are we now left with only platonic solids?

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Does Galactic mass determine the speed that the galaxy operates at for a base observational foundation relative to other galaxies?
Does a bigger galaxy have a different observed time frame reference in relation to another smaller less mass containing galaxy?
Does then star mass size play into account as as second frame of reference/observation/ratio/relative after galaxy size plays in?

>>16903058
All time-dilation effects are ignored, taken to be zero. While galaxies are very, very massive they are also very, very big. Their average density per unit volume is far too low to require any adjustments. What can't be ignored however when it comes to reference frames is the expansion of the universe. That is why astronomers distinguish between comoving and proper distances.

If you have A people in a room, what is the probability that at least B of them have the same birthday? Assuming of course that B

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I got asked this in a fluid mechanics class, if both containers have the same dimensions and on top of the water we have ambient pressure, which one will empty the fastest? Intuition tells me the first one but I don't know how to prove it

>>16903818
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3550700/is-there-a-generalized-solution-to-the-birthday-problem

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If you pick seven uniformly random points on the interval between zero and one, what is the probability that there's at least one pair of adjacent points whose distance between each other is less than 1/20?

>>16903895
There were literal threads over this problem on /sci/ weeks ago. The left side goes down fastest.

>>16904231
If the min gap is x, then that means you're able to shift the leftmost point by 0*x, the next point by x, the next point by 2x,... the last point by (n-1)x, and still keep the order of the points. So you can just work backwards and start off with a distribution of the compressed points, and uncompress them by adding 0, x, 2x, ... and seeing if they're all withing the range upper bounded by 1. So that means choosing n compressed points such that all of them start off within the range upper bounded by 1-(n-1)x, because all points in this range can be expanded to gaps whose size is lower bounded by x.

So the point is that the set of all n points whose min gap is x or more (pidgeonhole can tell you the max gap) can be bijectively mapped to the set of all n points less than 1-(n-1)x. The domain and codomain are the same, so intuitively the sizes of the sets are the same. Would need a proof though.

You want 1 - prob that none are less than 1/20, or 1 - prob all are greater than 1/20, so it's pretty straightforward.

Am I cooked as a stem student if I excel more at the theoretical and writing papers than the practical?

In a normal substitution reaction, what happens first? Detachment of the old atom, or attachment of the new one?

>>16904835
It depends on the reaction. It could be either or even simultaneous.

is khan academy good to pass a university course on calculus provided i spend most of my time doing old math course exams + some AI to flesh out my knowledge and ask for help?

I have some sort of ADHD and dont want to read that much I just want to solve math problems while taking literal m3th.

also, the book recs link seems empty:

>book recs?
>4chan-science.fandom.com/wiki//sci/_Wiki
math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/booklist.html

>>16904912
wait the link works nvm

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How many times do you have to roll a dice at least so that the probability of rolling two sixes in a row at least once is greater than 50%?

>>16904927
30 times

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How do I empty one of these without spilling the boiling chemical on myself?

>>16905626
Carefully.

isn't it possible black holes don't even exist? i personally do not think they are real.

>>16905714
Yes, strictly speaking it's possible. After all you can't see a blackhole, only their effects. But it's extremely unlikely. You would have to explain all the (indirect) astronomical observations we have, using an object no one has ever thought of before. For example https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2jcVusR54E

Only a super massive, compact object could cause those orbits and the only object our theories predict could fit are blackholes, and those predictions exactly match all our observations. A single neutron stars is simply not dense enough.

If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it's probably a duck.

>>16905719
i believe in God

i think the only explanation of a physical world is God there's really no way around it

>>16905721
Bless your heart. You may be dumb as rocks but god loves you.

>>16905706
Bullshit. There has to be some sort of a jig for these. Anyone else?